MITHRA SYMBOLS AND DECLINE

Mithraism was rich in symbols that appealed to initiates. Among the enigmatic figures who populated this pantheon, we find Mithras, the main god, in the centre, flanked by his two companions, the torchbearers Cautes and Cautopates. Other deities such as Sol and Luna, the Sun and the Moon, were also of importance as was the leontocephalus god, a cosmic god with a lion’s head.

Images of animals were also dominant in Mithraic symbolism. The lion, the serpent, the scorpion and the raven were among those creatures who where of particular significance: each embodied a deep esoteric meaning in the cult’s rituals and beliefs. Objects, stars and planets grew in importance, promising salvation to followers.

The initiation rites for the cult were tough, creating a community of worshippers bound by the secrets shared during ceremonies that took place behind closed doors. The importance of this brotherhood in the daily life of initiates strengthened their commitment to the cult.

However, despite its growth and significant influence, Mithraism began declining in the 3^rd and 4^th centuries. Several factors contributed to its gradual disappearance: the emergence of Christianity with its own symbols and doctrines, as well as social and political changes in the Roman Empire, influenced the religious preferences of the population.